sudo apt-get install hdparm
sudo hdparm -Tt /dev/sdX
sudo hdparm -t --direct /dev/sdX
Timing cached reads: 3164 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1582.31 MB/sec
Timing buffered disk reads: 238 MB in 3.01 seconds = 79.08 MB/sec
lifelong learning and ongoing creation
dd if=/dev/zero of=sdcard.img bs=1G count=1
file sdcard.img
hexdump sdcard.img
losetup /dev/loop0 sdcard.img
sudo fdisk /dev/loop0
n
p
1
[enter]
+80M
n
p
2
[enter]
[enter]
t
1
b
p
w
fdisk -lu /dev/loop0查看分割,輸出如下:
losetup -o `expr 512 \* 2048` /dev/loop1 /dev/loop0
losetup -o `expr 512 \* 165888` /dev/loop2 /dev/loop0
losetup -a
apt-get install dosfstools
fdisk -lu /dev/loop0查看分割,輸出如下:
mkfs.vfat /dev/loop1 81920
mkfs.ext4 /dev/loop2 965632
blkid /dev/loop1/dev/loop1: SEC_TYPE="msdos" UUID="3A38-5A24" TYPE="vfat"
blkid /dev/loop2/dev/loop2: UUID="dec7a9d5-b0bb-433b-aefb-6b4eecc28aba" TYPE="ext4"
mkdir /sd1 /sd2
mount /dev/loop1 /sd1
mount /dev/loop2 /sd2
df -h
umount /sd1
umount /sd2
df -h
losetup -a
losetup -d /dev/loop2
losetup -d /dev/loop1
losetup -d /dev/loop0
losetup -a
losetup /dev/loop0 sdcard.img
losetup -o `expr 512 * 2048` /dev/loop1
losetup -o `expr 512 * 165888` /dev/loop2
losetup -a
mount /dev/loop1 /sd1
mount /dev/loop2 /sd2
df -h
mkfs -t ntfs /dev/sdb1 mkfs.ntfs /dev/sdb1
sudo apt-get install ntfsprogs mkntfs -f /dev/sdb1
mkfs.ext4 -T largefile /dev/sdb1
iconv -f big5 -t utf-8 big5.txt -o utf8.txt(2) UTF-8 To Big-5
iconv -f utf-8 -t big5 utf8.txt -o big5.txt
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
deb http://ftp.tw.debian.org/debian wheezy-backports main
sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
tar xfva qemu-linaro-1.7.0-2014.01.tar.gz
cd qemu-linaro-1.7.0-2014.01/
./configure
ERROR: pixman not present. Your options:解決1:
(1) Preferred: Install the pixman devel package (any recent
distro should have packages as Xorg needs pixman too).
(2) Fetch the pixman submodule, using:
git submodule update --init pixman
sudo apt-get install libseccomp-dev
ERROR: DTC not present. Your options:解決2:
(1) Preferred: Install the DTC devel package
(2) Fetch the DTC submodule, using:
git submodule update --init dtc
sudo apt-get install -y libfdt-dev
sudo apt-get install libnss3-dev libudev-dev libpng12-dev libghc6-zlib-dev libogg-dev libglobus-openssl-dev libxrandr-dev libxfixes-dev libjpeg8-dev libsasl2-dev libiscsi-dev librbd-dev xfslibs-dev libbrlapi-dev libbluetooth-dev libxen-dev libvte-dev libseccomp-dev python-pyparsing
vi configure
tar xfva spice-0.12.5.tar.bz2
cd spice-0.12.5/
./configure --enable-smartcard
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables CELT051_CFLAGS
and CELT051_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
See the pkg-config man page for more details.
tar xfva celt-0.5.1.3.tar.gz
cd celt-0.5.1.3/
./configure
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
checking for pyparsing python module... not found解決:
configure: error: pyparsing python module is required to compile this package
sudo apt-get install python-pyparsing
checking sasl/sasl.h usability... no解決:
checking sasl/sasl.h presence... no
checking for sasl/sasl.h... no
checking for sasl_client_init in -lsasl2... no
checking for sasl_client_init in -lsasl... no
configure: error: Missing required Cyrus SASL development package
sudo apt-get install libsasl2-dev
checking for SMARTCARD... no解決:
configure: error: Package requirements (libcacard >= 0.1.2) were not met:
No package 'libcacard' found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables SMARTCARD_CFLAGS
and SMARTCARD_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
tar xfva libcacard-0.1.2.tar.bz2
cd libcacard-0.1.2/
./configure
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
checking for NSS... no解決:
configure: error: Package requirements (nss) were not met:
No package 'nss' found
Consider adjusting the PKG_CONFIG_PATH environment variable if you installed software in a non-standard prefix.
Alternatively, you may set the environment variables NSS_CFLAGS
and NSS_LIBS to avoid the need to call pkg-config.
sudo apt-get install libnss3-dev
tar xfva spice-protocol-0.12.7.tar.bz2
cd spice-protocol-0.12.7/
./configure
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
tar xfva libusb-1.0.19.tar.bz2
cd libusb-1.0.19/
./configure
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
tar xfva usbredir-0.7.tar.bz2
cd usbredir-0.7/
./configure
make -j ${core number}
sudo make install
cd qemu-linaro-1.7.0-2014.01/內容如下:
./configure
tcg debug enabled no接著編譯:
gprof enabled no
sparse enabled no
strip binaries yes
profiler no
static build no
-Werror enabled no
pixman system
SDL support yes
GTK support yes
curses support yes
curl support yes
mingw32 support no
Audio drivers oss
Block whitelist (rw)
Block whitelist (ro)
VirtFS support yes
VNC support yes
VNC TLS support yes
VNC SASL support yes
VNC JPEG support yes
VNC PNG support yes
VNC WS support yes
xen support yes
brlapi support yes
bluez support yes
Documentation yes
GUEST_BASE yes
PIE yes
vde support yes
Linux AIO support yes
ATTR/XATTR support yes
Install blobs yes
KVM support yes
RDMA support yes
TCG interpreter no
fdt support yes
preadv support yes
fdatasync yes
madvise yes
posix_madvise yes
sigev_thread_id yes
uuid support yes
libcap-ng support yes
vhost-net support yes
vhost-scsi support yes
Trace backend nop
Trace output file trace-
spice support yes (0.12.7/0.12.5)
rbd support yes
xfsctl support yes
nss used yes
libusb yes
usb net redir yes
GLX support yes
libiscsi support yes
build guest agent yes
QGA VSS support no
seccomp support yes
coroutine backend ucontext
coroutine pool yes
GlusterFS support no
virtio-blk-data-plane yes
gcov gcov
gcov enabled no
TPM support no
libssh2 support yes
TPM passthrough no
QOM debugging yes
vhdx yes
make -j ${core number}安裝:
sudo make install
ldconfig
qemu-system-arm -version
QEMU emulator version 1.7.0 (qemu-linaro 2014.01), Copyright (c) 2003-2008 Fabrice Bellard
qemu-system-arm -M ?
Supported machines are:
none empty machine
beagle Beagle board (OMAP3530)
beaglexm Beagle board XM (OMAP3630)
collie Collie PDA (SA-1110)
nuri Samsung NURI board (Exynos4210)
smdkc210 Samsung SMDKC210 board (Exynos4210)
connex Gumstix Connex (PXA255)
verdex Gumstix Verdex (PXA270)
highbank Calxeda Highbank (ECX-1000)
midway Calxeda Midway (ECX-2000)
integratorcp ARM Integrator/CP (ARM926EJ-S) (default)
kzm ARM KZM Emulation Baseboard (ARM1136)
mainstone Mainstone II (PXA27x)
musicpal Marvell 88w8618 / MusicPal (ARM926EJ-S)
n800 Nokia N800 tablet aka. RX-34 (OMAP2420)
n810 Nokia N810 tablet aka. RX-44 (OMAP2420)
n900 Nokia N900 (OMAP3)
sx1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V2
sx1-v1 Siemens SX1 (OMAP310) V1
overo Gumstix Overo board (OMAP3530)
cheetah Palm Tungsten|E aka. Cheetah PDA (OMAP310)
realview-eb ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM926EJ-S)
realview-eb-mpcore ARM RealView Emulation Baseboard (ARM11MPCore)
realview-pb-a8 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A8
realview-pbx-a9 ARM RealView Platform Baseboard Explore for Cortex-A9
akita Akita PDA (PXA270)
spitz Spitz PDA (PXA270)
borzoi Borzoi PDA (PXA270)
terrier Terrier PDA (PXA270)
lm3s811evb Stellaris LM3S811EVB
lm3s6965evb Stellaris LM3S6965EVB
tosa Tosa PDA (PXA255)
versatilepb ARM Versatile/PB (ARM926EJ-S)
versatileab ARM Versatile/AB (ARM926EJ-S)
vexpress-a9 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A9
vexpress-a15 ARM Versatile Express for Cortex-A15
xilinx-zynq-a9 Xilinx Zynq Platform Baseboard for Cortex-A9
z2 Zipit Z2 (PXA27x)
file arm.img
hexdump arm.img
dd if=/dev/zero of=arm_test.img bs=1G count=2
file arm_test.img
hexdump arm_test.img
加法: expr 5 + 2
減法: expr 5 - 2
乘法: expr 5 \* 2
除法: expr 5 / 2
cd ~/qemu_image
su
查看連接狀況:
losetup -a
將 /dev/loop0 連接 arm.img:
losetup /dev/loop0 arm.img
fdisk -lu /dev/loop0所用裝置 開機 開始 結束 區塊 識別號 系統
losetup -o `expr 512 \* 2048` /dev/loop1 /dev/loop0
sudo mount /dev/loop1 /mnt
cd /mnt/boot
cp vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-versatile ~/qemu_image
cp initrd.img-3.2.0-4-versatile ~/qemu_image
vi runarm.sh
# !/bin/bash
#
# Run arm.img
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 512 \
-kernel ~qemu_image/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-versatile \
-initrd ~qemu_image/initrd.img-3.2.0-4-versatile \
-hda ~qemu_image/arm.img \
-append "root=/dev/sda1" &
sh runarm.sh
cat /proc/cpuinfo
sudo apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y
sudo apt-get install icewm xorg
apt-get clean
startx
sudo apt-get install iceweasel apache2網址列: localhost
iceweasel &
sudo halt
vi Backup_data.sh
#!/bin/bash # 2014/06/24 aaronhuang # Backup My data. # parameter setting TIME=`date +"%Y%m%d"` # Use Setting USER=youUsserName SAVE_AS=/bak_dir BAK_DIR=backup_$TIME BAK_TARGET=$SAVE_AS/$BAK_DIR # check account if [ ! `whoami` == root ];then echo "Permision Deny, you're no root." exit 0 fi # check directory if [ -e "$BAK_TARGET.tar.xz" ];then echo "Directory exist!" exit 0 fi # build directory mkdir $BAK_TARGET mkdir -p $BAK_TARGET/root_dir mkdir -p $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir ############################################################## ## Backup List # system backup list rsync -av /etc $BAK_TARGET/root_dir # root backup list rsync -av /root/.bashrc $BAK_TARGET/root_dir rsync -av /root/.vimrc $BAK_TARGET/root_dir rsync -av /root/* $BAK_TARGET/root_dir # user backup list rsync -av /home/$USER/.bashrc $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/.conkyrc $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/.vimrc $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/.xinitrc $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/.asoundrc $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/bin $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/images $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/Notes $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/Other_work $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/sdl $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/Script $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/Eclipse $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir rsync -av /home/$USER/Java $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir #rsync -av /home/$USER/driver $BAK_TARGET/${USER}_dir ############################################################## # compress cd $SAVE_AS;tar -c --xz -f $BAK_DIR.tar.xz $BAK_DIR # remove dir rm -r $BAK_TARGET # permision change chown $USER:$USER $BAK_TARGET.tar.xz
chmod a+x Backup_data.sh mv Backup_data.sh /usr/local/bin/
sudo apt-get -y install isc-dhcp-server
vi /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
subnet 192.168.9.0 netmask 255.255.255.0{
range 192.168.9.51 192.168.9.100;
option subnet-mask 255.255.255.0;
option broadcast-address 192.168.9.255;
option routers 192.168.9.1;
option domain-name-servers 120.117.2.1;
next-server 192.168.9.254;
filename "pxelinux.0";
/etc/init.d/isc-dhcp-server restart
update-rc.d isc-dhcp-server defaults
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install ssh
ssh -Xl Account IP
ssh -X Account@IP
Account : userA-------------------------------------------------------------------------
IP: 192.168.1.2
ssh -Xl userA 192.168.1.2
ssh -X userA@192.168.1.2
vi /etc/ssh/sshd_config
將 「PermitRootLogin」開啟,並 yes
/etc/init.d/ssh restart
apt-get update
apt-get install denyhosts openssh-blacklist openssh-blacklist-extra
/etc/init.d/ssh restart
vi /etc/denyhosts.conf
vi /etc/apt/sources.list
## Security.debian
deb http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main
deb-src http://security.debian.org/ wheezy/updates main
## Opensource
deb http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/ wheezy main
deb-src http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/ wheezy main
deb http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/ wheezy-updates main
deb-src http://opensource.nchc.org.tw/debian/ wheezy-updates main
apt-get update
apt-get upgrade
apt-get install
apt-get remove
apt-get -f install
apt-get autoremove
apt-get install debian-keyring
aptitude
apt-get install debian-keyring
gpg --keyserver pgp.mit.edu --recv-keys 123456789123456789
gpg --armor --export 123456789123456789 | apt-key add -
apt-get install emdebian-archive-keyring
sudo apt-get install bash-completion
source /etc/bash_completion
apt-get ins [TAB]
apt-get install dove[TAB]
apt-get install dovecot[TAB]
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils uml-utilities
brctl help
brctl show
brctl addbr [Bridge Name]
brctl addif [Interface Name]
brctl delbr [Bridge Name]
brctl delif [Interface Name]
sudo brctl addbr br0
sudo brctl addif br0 eth0
sudo vi /etc/network/interfaces
## 說明
#
# -> eth0 -> 實體機
# Internet -> br0 ->
# -> br1 -> N 個虛擬機
#
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
iface eth0 inet manual
## interent -> br0 -> eth0 -> 實體機
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
address [本機 ip]
netmask [本機 netmask]
gateway [本機 gateway]
bridge_ports eth0
bridge_fd 9
bridge_hello 2
bridge_maxage 12
bridge_stp off
## interent -> br0 -> br1 -> 虛擬機
auto br1
iface br1 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway [本機 ip]
bridge_ports tap0
bridge_fd 9
bridge_hello 2
bridge_maxage 12
bridge_stp off
ifconfig eth0 down
ifconfig eth0 up
/etc/init.d/netwroking restart
ifconfig
route -n
ping gateway
ping 8.8.8.8
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -A INPUT -i br1 -j ACCEPT
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
qemu-system-x86_64 -enable-kvm \
-cpu host \
-smp 4 \
-m 6000 \
-hda OS.img \
-boot c \
-net nic \
-net bridge,br=br1 &
Could not access KVM kernel module: No such file or directory
failed to initialize KVM: No such file or directory
Back to tcg accelerator.
qemu: could not load PC BIOS 'bios.bin'
sudo apt-get install seabios
sudo cd /usr/local/share/qemu
sudo ln -sf /usr/share/seabios/*.bin .
failed to create tun device: Operation not permitted
failed to launch bridge helper
qemu-system-x86_64: -net bridge,br=br10: Device 'bridge' could not be initialized
chmod u+s /usr/local/libexec/qemu-bridge-helper
failed to initialize KVM: No such file or directory
Back to tcg accelerator.
failed to parse default acl file `/usr/local/etc/qemu/bridge.conf'
failed to launch bridge helper
vi /usr/local/etc/qemu/bridge.conf -> allow br1
Could not access KVM kernel module: Permission denied
failed to initialize KVM: Permission denied
groupadd kvm
usermod -a -G kvm $USER
chown root:kvm /dev/kvm
chmod 660 /dev/kvm
rmmod kvm_intel kvm
modprobe kvm_intel kvm
shutdown -r now
qemu-system-x86_64: symbol lookup error: qemu-system-x86_64: undefined symbol: libusb_get_port_numbers
sudo ln -sf /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libusb-1.0.so.0 /usr/local/lib/libusb-1.0.so.0
update-alternatives --config x-session-manager選項 路徑 優先權 狀態
update-alternatives --config x-window-manager選項 路徑 優先權 狀態
cd ~/Download
tar xfva deadbeef-static_0.6.2-2_x86_64.tar.bz2
sudo mv deadbeef-0.6.2 /opt
/opt/deadbeef-0.6.2/deadbeef
vi ~/.bashrc
alias deadbeef='/opt/deadbeef-0.6.2/deadbeef'
:wq 儲存離開
source ~/.bashrc
vi /etc/X11/icewm/menu
vi /etc/X11/icewm/toolbar
prog "DeaDBeef" deadbeef.png /opt/deadbeef-0.6.2/deadbeef
## 注意,deadbeef.png 要放到 IconPath 下。
INFO: loading playlist DefaultSol:
INFO: from file /home/skmpz/.config/deadbeef/playlists/0.dbpl
server_start
INFO: unlink socket: Permission denied
bind: Address already in use
ls -l ~/.config/deadbeef/socket -------> 權限是否為 root ?
chown -R user:user ~/.config/deadbeef
sudo apt-get update && apt-get -y install shutter
shuuter
vi /etc/X11/icewm/menu vi /etc/X11/icewm/menu
prog "Screenshot" shutter.png shutter
cd ~
mkdir qemu_image
mkdir -p qemu_image/install
cd qemu_image/
qemu-img create arm.img 2G
ls -l
du -sh arm.img
vi buildarm.sh
qemu-system-arm -M versatilepb -m 512 \
-kernel ./install/vmlinuz-3.2.0-4-versatile \
-initrd ./install/initrd.gz \
-hda arm.img \
-append "root=/dev/sda1"
chmod u+x ~/qemu_image/buildarm.sh
sh ~/qemu_image/buildarm.sh
~/qemu_image $ cp arm.img arm_OK.img
/etc/passwd -------------> 帳號設定檔
/etc/group ----------------> 群組設定檔
/etc/shadow --------------> 密碼設定檔
useradd
-m ---------------------------> 自動建家目錄
-d homename ------------> 指定家目錄
-g groupname ------------> 加入Main group
-G ----------------------------> 加入Sub group
-s /bin/bash ----------------> 設定Shell為bash
usermod ---------------------> 修改使用者帳號
passwd -----------------------------------------------> 設定密碼
echo “user:password” | chpasswd ----------> 設定密碼,適用Script大量建帳號
groupadd [GroupName] --------------------------> 建立群組
groupdel -r [GroupName] -------------------------> 移除群組
change -l [Account] --------------------------> 觀看帳號資訊
change -d 0 [Account] -----------------------> 設定密碼只能用一次,擔入後就要換密碼
chown --------------------------> 改檔案、目錄的所有使用者
chgrp ---------------------------> 改檔案、目錄的所有群組
chmod --------------------------> 改檔案、目錄的權限
dpkg --add-architecture i386
apt-get update
apt-get -fy install
dpkg -i [AdobeReader..................deb]
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y libtool zlib1g-dev pkg-config libsdl1.2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libsasl2-dev libaio-dev libvde-dev libvdeplug2-dev uuid-dev libcap-ng-dev
tar xfva qemu-2.1.2.tar.bz2
./configure
make -j [核心數]
sudo make install
qemu-system-arm -version
qemu-system-arm -M ?
lspci
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation G94 [GeForce 9600 GT] (rev a1)
sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86_64-340.32.run
nivida-setting
至軟體 Blender > file > system > USR...> compute device > CUDA
apt-get remove gnome gnome-core gdm3
echo "blacklist nouveau" >> /etc/modprobe.d/fbdev-blacklist.conf
reboot
> Device Drivers >
Graphics support >
< > Nouveau (nVidia) cards
#gcc-4.4
gcc
#g++-4.4
g++
#cpp-4.4
cpp
m4
make
nasm
bison
flex
autoconf
automake
autotools-dev
#compile kernel
kernel-package
libncurses5-dev
# Fetch Source Code
git
subversion
sudo apt-get update && apt-get install -y `grep -v ^# PKG_PROG`
lspci -v
lspci -k
lsmod
cat /proc/cpuinfo
02:00.0 Ethernet controller: Atheros Communications Inc. AR8121/AR8113/AR8114 Gigabit or Fast Ethernet (rev b0)
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8226
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17
Memory at fe9c0000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=256K]
I/O ports at bc00 [size=128]
Capabilities:
Kernel driver in use: ATL1E
01:00.0 VGA compatible controller: NVIDIA Corporation G94 [GeForce 9600 GT] (rev a1) (prog-if 00 [VGA controller])
Subsystem: ASUSTeK Computer Inc. Device 8304
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 46
Memory at fd000000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16M]
Memory at c0000000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=512M]
Memory at fa000000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=32M]
I/O ports at ac00 [size=128]
[virtual] Expansion ROM at fe880000 [disabled] [size=512K]
Capabilities:
Kernel driver in use: nvidia
06:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. VT1720/24 [Envy24PT/HT] PCI Multi-Channel Audio Controller (rev 01)
Subsystem: Device 160b:0010
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 16
I/O ports at ec00 [size=32]
I/O ports at e880 [size=128]
Capabilities:
Kernel driver in use: snd_ice1724
tar xfva linux-3.14.20.tar.xz
ln -s /usr/src/linux-3.14.20 /usr/src/linux
cd /usr/src/linux
make menuconfig
> General setup > Kernel compression mode > XZ
> Processor type and features > Processor family > (Core 2/newer Xeon)
> Device Drivers > Network device support > Ethernet driver support > Atheros 全開
> Device Drivers > Graphics support > <M>Nouveau (nVidia) cards
-> Device Drivers > Sound card support (SOUND [=m]) > Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (SND [=m]) > PCI sound devices (SND_PCI [=y]) >ICE/VT1724/1720 (Envy24HT/PT)
time make-kpkg --initrd --revision=[版本名稱] kernel_image -j [核心數]
sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.14.20_1.0.1.lpm_amd64.deb
sudo shutdown -r now 或
reboot
uname -a
lspci -v
06:00.0 Multimedia audio controller: VIA Technologies Inc. VT1720/24 [Envy24PT/HT] PCI Multi-Channel Audio Controller (rev 01)
Subsystem: Device 160b:0010
Flags: bus master, medium devsel, latency 64, IRQ 16
I/O ports at ec00 [size=32]
I/O ports at e880 [size=128]
Capabilities:
Kernel driver in use: snd_ice1724
lsmod |grep snd_ice1724
snd_ice1724 123182 2
snd_ak4113 13661 1 snd_ice1724
snd_pt2258 12712 1 snd_ice1724
snd_ak4114 13642 1 snd_ice1724
snd_i2c 13184 2 snd_pt2258,snd_ice1724
snd_ice17xx_ak4xxx 12763 1 snd_ice1724
snd_ak4xxx_adda 13382 2 snd_ice1724,snd_ice17xx_ak4xxx
snd_ac97_codec 106699 1 snd_ice1724
snd_pcm 68848 7 snd_ice1724,snd_pcm_oss,snd_ac97_codec,snd_hda_codec,snd_hda_intel,snd_ak4113,snd_ak4114
snd_rawmidi 22995 2 snd_ice1724,snd_seq_midi
snd 53159 31 snd_pt2258,snd_ice1724,snd_pcm_oss,snd_ac97_codec,snd_hwdep,snd_timer,snd_hda_codec_via,snd_i2c,snd_pcm,snd_seq,snd_rawmidi,snd_hda_codec_generic,snd_hda_codec,snd_ak4xxx_adda,snd_hda_intel,snd_seq_oss,snd_seq_device,snd_mixer_oss,snd_ak4113,snd_ak4114
modprobe snd_ice1724
sudo apt-get install pulseaudio
vi /etc/pulse/default.pa
找到:
#load-module module-alsa-sink ...
改為
load-module module-alsa-sink device=dmix
找到:
load-module module-suspend-on-idle
改為
#load-module module-suspend-on-idle
找到: (解決錄音問題,如skype)
load-module module-hal-detect
改為:
#load-module module-hal-detect
vi ~/.asounds
pcm.softvol
{
type softvol
slave.pcm "hw:1,0"
control.name "paMaster"
control.card 1
}
pcm.!default
{
type pulse
}
ctl.!default
{
type pulse
}
/etc/init.d/pulseaudio restart
vi /etc/default/pulseaudio
改成下面
PULSEAUDIO_SYSTEM_START=1
sudo apt-get install pavucontrol paman
tar xfv filename.tar
tar cfv filename.tar filename
gunzip filename.gz
gzip -d filename.gz
gzip filename
tar xfzv filename.tar.gz
tar cfzv filename.tar.gz filname
bunzip2 filename.bz2
bzip2 -d filename.bz2
bzip2 -z filename
tar xfjv filename.tar.bz2
tar cfjv filename.tar.bz2 filename
bzip2 -d filename.bz
bunzip2 filename.bz
tar xfvj filename.tar.bz
uncompress filename.Z
compress filename.Z
tar Zxvf filename.tar.Z
tar Zcvf filename.tar.Z filename
tar zxvf filename.tgz
tar zxvf filename.tar.tgz
tar zcvf filename.tar.tgz filename
unzip filename.zip
zip filename.zip filename
rar x filename.rar
rar a filename.rar filename